Abstract:  After examining the concept of work using fundamental principles, we will show that the application of thermodynamics to cosmology may require reconsideration.

 

Conclusions: Work done by Earthly expanding systems must include the energy required to displace our atmosphere’s mass against gravity. This should have significant ramifications to both thermodynamics, and cosmology i.e. it becomes doubtful that our universe must cool as it expands. A most fitting statement came from Neils Bohrs 12: “Science only advances by renouncing its past”.